Austria Austria.
 N E.
 Slovenian reg Croatian reg Hungarian reg.
 Chancellor.
 Heinz Fischer
 Wolfgang Sch ssel
 State Treaty
 July 
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The Republic of Austria German Republik sterreich is a landlocked country in central Europe It borders Germany and the Czech Republic to the north Slovakia and Hungary to the east Slovenia and Italy to the south and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west The capital is the city of Vienna.
Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy consisting of nine federal states and is one of two European countries that have declared their everlasting neutrality the other being Switzerland Austria is a member of United Nations and the European Union.
 Origin and history of the name.
The German name sterreich can be translated into English as the eastern realm which is derived from the Old German Ostarr chi Reich can also mean empire and this connotation is the one that is understood in the context of the Austrian Austro Hungarian Empire German Empire Third Reich or Holy Roman Empire although not in the context of the modern Republic of sterreich The term probably originates in a vernacular translation of the Medieval Latin name for the region Marchia orientalis which translates as eastern border as it was situated at the eastern edge of the Holy Roman Empire that was also mirrored in the name Ostmark applied after Anschluss to the Third Reich.
 History. For more details on this topic see History of Austria.
 Austria and the Holy Roman Empire.
The territory of Austria by then the Celtic kingdom of Noricum which was a long time ally of Rome cattle and early steel and rather occupied than conquered by the Romans during the reign of Augustus and made the province Noricum in BC Later it was conquered by Huns Rugii Lombards Ostrogoths Bavarii Avars till about and Franks in that order Finally after years of Hungarian rule to the core territory of Austria was awarded to Leopold of Babenberg in Being part of the Holy Roman Empire the Babenbergs ruled and expanded Austria from the century to the century.
Battle of Vienna 
After Duke Frederick II died in and left no successor the German King Rudolf I of Habsburg gave the lands to his sons marking the beginning of the line of the Habsburgs who continued to govern Austria until the century.
With the short exception of Charles VII Albert of Bavaria Austrian Habsburgs held the position of German Emperor beginning in with Albert II of Habsburg until the end of the Holy Roman Empire During the and century Austria continued to expand its territory until it reached the position of a European superpower at the end of the century until the end of the Habsburg monarchy in.
 Modern history.
After the abolition of the Holy Roman Empire in the Empire of Austria was founded which was transformed in into the double monarchy Austria Hungary The empire was split into several independent states in after the defeat of the Central Powers in World War I with most of the German speaking parts becoming a republic See Treaty of Saint Germain Between and it was officially known as the Republic of German Austria Republik Deutsch sterreich After the Entente powers forbade German Austria to unite with Germany they also forbade the name and then it was changed to simply Republic of Austria The democratic republic lasted until when the chancellor Engelbert Dollfu established an autocratic regime oriented towards Italian fascism Austrofascism.
Austria became part of Germany in the Anschlu amidst popular acclaim After the defeat of the Axis Powers the Allies occupied Austria at the end of World War II in Europe until when the country again became a fully independent republic under the condition that it remained neutral see also Austrian State Treaty.